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Devry PSYC 110 Chapter 02 postTest latest
1)
The first identified neurotransmitter was:
acetylcholine.
dopamine.
melatonin.
serotonin.
2)
The ______ is the cell body, which contains the nucleus.
axon
neuron
soma
dendrite
3)
Special types of glial cells generate a protective fatty substance called:
myelin.
dendrites.
cholesterol.
axons.
4)
What is a biological reason for why heroin is addictive?
Heroin bonds with serotonin, producing mental confusion in users.
The bodies of heroin users do not produce endorphins, so withdrawal is very painful.
Neurotransmitters are damaged and continue sending stimulating messages to cells.
It produces an excess of dopamine in the brain.
5)
In the disease _______, the myelin sheath is destroyed.
schizophrenia
depression
multiple sclerosis
epilepsy
6)
When neurons fire and transmit messages, they:
sometimes transmit information partially, depending on signal strength.
do so in an all-or-none fashion.
begin rapidly, then gradually slow down.
begin slowly, then gradually increase in velocity.
7)
The sac-like structures that are found at the end of a neuron’s axon and that contain neurotransmitters are called:
synaptic knobs.
axon terminals.
synaptic vesicles.
dendrites.
Neurons fire:
stronger when there is a strong stimulus.
partially when there is a weak stimulus.
partially when there is a strong stimulus.
either full strength or not at all.
9)
Which area of the brain influences sleep and dreaming?
reticular formation
cerebellum
medulla
pons
10)
The part of the brain that controls life-sustaining functions, such as heartbeat, breathing, and swallowing, is the:
cerebellum.
cerebral cortex.
hippocampus.
medulla.
11)
The ______ lobes are responsible for higher mental processes such as decision making.
temporal
parietal
reticular
frontal
12)
________ provides energy for the brain during stress.
Melatonin
Cortisol
Thyroxin
Serotonin
13)
What is the primary role of the adrenal glands?
regulating sexual behavior
secreting hormones
regulating metabolism
producing insulin
14)
The “master gland” that controls or influences all of the other endocrine glands is the:
pituitary gland.
pineal gland.
adrenal gland.
thyroid gland.
15)
The adrenal glands are located right on top of:
the pancreas.
each lung.
each kidney.
the liver.
16)
The ______ is composed of the brain and the spinal cord.
central nervous system
peripheral nervous system
autonomic nervous system
somatic nervous system
17)
Neuroplasticity is:
the most advanced form of brain surgery.
the process by which neurotransmitters are taken back into the synaptic vesicules.
the brain’s ability to change both the structure and function of many cells in response to experience and trauma.
the research and study of stem cells.
18)
The parasympathetic division could be called the:
all-or-nothing system.
stress division.
fight-or-flight system.
eat-drink-and-rest system.
19)
The part of the autonomic nervous system known as the “eat-drink-and-rest” system is the:
motor pathway.
sensory pathway.
sympathetic division.
parasympathetic division.
20)
The ____ is a network of cells that carries information to and from all parts of the body.
spinal cord
nervous system
brain
neuron
21)
The venom of a black widow spider is an example of a(n) __________, which mimics or enhances the effects of neurotransmitters.
beta blocker
antagonist
endorphin
agonist
22)
Casey, a baseball player, tugs at his batting glove and stretches his neck in the same way every time he comes up to bat. This habit is stored in the:
medulla.
pons.
cerebellum.
corpus callosum.
23)
Which statement most accurately explains the difference in functioning between the right hemisphere of the brain and the left hemisphere?
The right processes information all at once, whereas the left breaks things down into parts.
The right sees things upside down, whereas the left sees them right side up.
The right processes information from the right side of the body, whereas the left processes information from the left side.
The right specializes in logical thought processes.
24)
If the pancreas secretes too much insulin, it results in a condition known as:
diabetes.
premature baldness.
dyspepsia.
hypoglycemia.
25)
The thalamus can be likened to a:
seahorse.
triage nurse.
pipeline.
little brain.
26)
Mr. Phillips is having a test to see if he is suffering from seizures. Electrodes are attached to his scalp to measure the electrical activity of the brain. Mr. Phillips is having a(n):
EEG.
CT scan.
MRI.
PET scan.
27)
Which of the following is most closely related to the functioning of the parasympathetic division?
tears of joy
adrenaline release
normal breathing
increased heart rate
28)
A functional MRI (fMRI) and a PET scan both:
create selective injuries that allow researchers to study brain function.
provide detailed computerized interpretations of brain dysfunctions.
produce black and white scans of the brain’s structures.
provide a way to measure the functioning and activity of the brain.
29)
Which of the following is TRUE about deep lesioning?
It is only done on animals.
It is routinely done on humans.
It is the best way to study the human brain.
It takes an X-ray of the brain.
30)
Which of the following diagnostic tools involve injecting a person with radioactive glucose to map brain function?
EEG
PET scan
CT scan
MRI
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